You've got a nasty bug: how to find and remove malware

Cover photo from Sora Shimazaki on Pexels

Reading time: 5 mins

Our computers are our portals to the digital world, but they're also gateways for those digital intruders we call malware. Even if you're careful and have antivirus software, there's always a chance your computer could get infected. And when it does, it's important to act fast before it spreads like wildfire and causes serious damage. In this guide, we'll explore the world of malware, how to spot an infection, and most importantly, how to eradicate it completely.

Understanding the malware menace

Cybercriminals are getting smarter by the day, using increasingly sophisticated tactics to bypass our defences. Phishing emails, social engineering, and other sneaky tricks are their go-to methods, but artificial intelligence is also starting to play a role. Malware is becoming more intelligent, making it harder to detect and remove.

Learning the different types of malware

Malware is a broad term encompassing various types of malicious software. To effectively fight malware, you need to know your enemy. There are several main types of malware, each with its own tricks:

• Viruses: These digital troublemakers replicate themselves and spread like wildfire, infecting files on their way. They corrupt data and spread rapidly throughout a system.

• Trojan Horses: Disguised as legitimate software, Trojans sneak onto your computer and open backdoors for other malware. Some, like Remote Access Trojans (RATs), allow hackers to control your computer from afar.

• Spyware: Designed to gather information about users without their knowledge, spyware collects everything from browsing habits to personal data, often leading to identity theft.

• Ransomware: This particularly nasty piece of malware holds your files hostage, encrypting them and demanding a ransom for their release.

• Adware: While less harmful than other types of malware, adware can be incredibly annoying, bombarding you with unwanted ads and potentially slowing down your computer.

Recognising the warning signs

Malware is often sneaky, but there are some signs to watch out for:

• Sluggish performance: Slow boot times, unresponsive apps, and frequent crashes can be signs of malware.

• Unexpected programs: New programs appearing without your consent or running in the background are suspicious, especially if you don’t recognise them.

• Pop-up ads and redirects: These annoying interruptions are often a symptom of adware.

• Unauthorized access: If you notice strange files or changes to your system settings, it could be malware at work.

• Increased network activity: Unusual data transfer or slow internet speeds might indicate a malware infection.

5 Steps to malware removal

If you suspect you have malware, follow these steps to get rid of it:

1 Disconnect from the internet: Cut off the malware's connection to prevent it from spreading or downloading more problems.

2 Boot into safe mode: This starts your computer with minimal programs, making it harder for malware to operate.

To do so:

Windows 10 and 11:

→ Press the Windows key + X, then hold Shift while clicking "Restart."    

→ Choose "Troubleshoot" > "Advanced options" > "Startup Settings" > "Restart."    

→ After restart, select the appropriate Safe Mode option (4 or F4 for Safe Mode, 5 or F5 for Safe Mode with Networking).    

macOS:

→ Restart your Mac.    

→ Immediately press and hold the Command + R keys until the Apple logo appears.

→ Release the keys, then select "Safe Boot" from the options.

3 Run a full system scan: Use your antivirus software to scan your entire system for malware.

4 Remove malicious software: Quarantine or delete any suspicious files or programs, as well as any software you downloaded recently.

To do so:

Windows:

→ Search for ‘Control Panel’ and navigate to ‘Programs’ and then to ‘Programs and Features’

→ Sort the list by date of installation and check anything that was installed without your permission or when the first problems occurred.

macOS:

→ Click the Apple menu in the top left corner of your screen.

→ Hold down the Option key and click "System Information" (or "System Profiler" on older macOS versions).

→ In the left-hand column, select "Software" and then "Applications."

→ This will display a list of installed applications.

Internet browser:

→ Look in each browser settings menu under ‘Extensions’ or ‘Add-ons’.

→ Carefully consider whether you recognise each one as legitimate – if in doubt, remove it. Include any you recently downloaded, suspicious or not. They could be fakes.

5 Restore system settings: If necessary, restore your system to an earlier point to undo malware damage.

Windows:

System Restore

This option restores your system to a previous point in time, potentially undoing unwanted changes.    

→ Access: Search for "System Restore" in the Start menu.

→ Choose a restore point: Select a date when your system was working correctly.

→ Confirm: Proceed with the restore process.

macOS:

Time Machine backup

If you have a Time Machine backup, you can restore your system to a previous state.    

→ Connect external drive: Connect your backup drive.    

→ Restore: Open Time Machine and select the desired restore point.

Erase all content and settings

This option erases your Mac and reinstalls macOS.

→ Access: Go to System Preferences > General > Transfer or Reset.    

→ Confirm: Proceed with the erase and reinstall process.

Fortifying your defences: prevention is key

To protect yourself from this happening again, follow these tips:

• Keep software updated: Regularly update your operating system and software to patch vulnerabilities. Patches are a kind of software update that is often released to fix cybersecurity issues. So even though it doesn’t look like that update changed anything, it has.

• Be wary of phishing: Don't click on suspicious links or open attachments from unknown senders. Phishing emails and texts are a lot harder to spot than they used to be, often entirely mirroring real websites. Anything that comes from an unknown sender should be ignored, and legal entities (like your bank) will never ask you to login through a link sent via email or text.  

• Use strong passwords: Create complex passwords and avoid reusing them. It can help to use a password tool like 1Password to do this for you.

• Back up your data: Regularly back up your important files to protect them from ransomware. This also helps in the case that you end up needing to reset your system to a previous version.

• Install antivirus software: Choose robust antivirus software that offers real-time scanning to detect threats before they take hold.

• Train your employees: Make sure your employees are aware of the risks. Companies like SoSafe offer dedicated courses to improve education around cyber threats

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By understanding malware, recognising the signs of infection, and taking proactive steps to protect your computer, you can significantly reduce your risk of falling victim to these digital threats. Remember, prevention is always better than cure, but if you do get infected, don't panic. Follow these steps, and you'll be back to normal in no time.

For companies using deeploi, WithSecure is integrated. This means they can rest assured that they have state-of-the-art cybersecurity. Plus, many features of deeploi, such as automatic update screening every 24 hours, mean your software is always on the most up-to-date, and therefore secure, version. For more tips on how to protect your business from cybercrime, check our other blog post.

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